Data Sources: Financial data from SEC EDGAR filings (10-K, 10-Q). Stock prices from Yahoo Finance (2 years daily data).
EBITDA Calculation: Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. For industrial companies, calculated as Operating Income + Depreciation & Amortization. For financial companies (banks, insurance), uses Pre-Tax Income as a proxy since traditional EBITDA doesn't apply.
EBITDA Y/Y Trend (Smoothed): Measures the average annual change in EBITDA using a 2-period moving average. Expressed in billions per year. Positive values indicate growing earnings, negative values indicate declining earnings. Strong trends are >$1B or <-$1B per year.